It is thought to have formed over a period of up to 10 million years from the accretion disk that surrounded jupiter. Jupiter svolcanic moon io is veiled by a thin atmosphere, but how much its volcanoes andchunks of frozen gas contribute to its atmosphere has puzzled scientists fordecades. The composition of io is very different from the other icy satellites and suggests a certain path for ios evolution. Madelinetosh farm twist is a perfectly plump twoply yarn that is begging to become your next cozy sweater or accessory to gift. It was formed from a collection of dustice particles that broke off of jupiter as jupiter was being formed. Juice assessment study report yellow book, esa, 2012.
Deep inside io is probably a core made of heavier metal elements such as iron. Jupiter s moon io is known for its lava fountains and roiling lava lakes, but scientists had never seen such an intense eruption in. The jupiter image is an infrared color composite taken by the spacecrafts nearinfrared imaging spectrometer on feb. Introduction jupiters moon io is the most volcanically active world in the solar system, with hundreds of volcanoes, some erupting lava fountains dozens of miles or kilometers high. Modeling of ios interior composition suggests that the mantle is composed of at least 75% of the magnesiumrich mineral forsterite.
Jupiters moon io is the most active volcanic natural satellite in our solar. Even so, it has an important impact on the jupiter system. Spread the glue stick on the book cover, making sure to go the edge and just to the edge of the book binding. Io is the third largest of jupiter s moons and very similar in size to our own moon. Callisto jupiter iv callisto is the secondlargest moon of jupiter and thirdlargest moon in the solar system. The innermost of jupiters four planetsized moons, io is also one of the most volcanically. Europa, encrusted with saltstained ice that may hide a onceliving subterranean sea. Introductionjupiters moon io is the most volcanically active world in the solar system, with hundreds of volcanoes, some erupting lava. It was discovered in the year 1610 by galileo galilei. Callisto orbits jupiter around every 16 earth days, and has a synchronous rotation.
The most massive of the moons are the four galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by galileo galilei and simon marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither earth nor the sun. The ileas tenant is columbus college, a university that houses 50 students with a faculty of five. Its phase composition and influence on ios atmosphere and jupiters. How to make a customized journal with a composition book. This galilean moon has a diameter of 2,996 miles and an orbital radius of about 1,170,042 miles.
Our knowledge of ios volcanism, composition, and space environment were. Revenue and fees for 1723015296 galaxy composition book. Madelinetosh farm twist closeout sale 30% off all colors listed here all sales final. There are many interesting moons orbiting the planet, but the ones of most scientific interest are the first four moons discovered beyond earththe galilean satellites. There was nothing to prepare earth for io, the first jovian world visited by voyager in 1979. Io, the innermost galilean satellite is an active fiery world. Io after galileo a new view of jupiters volcanic moon rosaly. Ios surface composition laboratory for atmospheric and space. It pulls its name of io, loving conquest of zeus persecuted by the wife of this last one, hera, whose a priestess she had been. Io is one of the four large galilean moons of jupiter, visible with binoculars or a small telescope. Figure 1appearance of io against the disk of jupiter during the. Jupiter s moon io eyeoh or eeoh is one of the most exotic places in the solar system. Deep space universe starry night moon phase blank page journal notebook diary log book for note taking, journaling. Io is the innermost of the four galilean moons of jupiter and, with a diameter of 3,642 kilometers, the fourthlargest moon in the solar system.
Overview jupiter moons nasa solar system exploration. The first season, the far frontier, most of the story takes place on the ilea, a former deep space exploration vessel now consigned to the jupiter system. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller jovian moons have been discovered and have received the names of lovers or. Scientists discover strombolilike eruption on volcanic moon. The premise of jupiter moon is that the jupiter system has been colonized. Io and europa may be somewhat similar in bulk composition to the. Instruments aboard the space probe galileo measured infrared energy emitted by volcanic hot spots on the satellites surface. It is the most volcanically active and colorful place in the solar system. The surface must be very young because something has erased the impact craters. Such heating is dependent on ios distance from jupiter, its orbital eccentricity, the composition of its interior, and its physical state. It is often called the pizza moon because its colorful surface looks like a pizza pie.
Something crazy happens to jupiters moon io for 2 hours. Io, the innermost large moon of jupiter, is about the same size and density as earths moon. Io s atmosphere comes from its volcanoes, then disperses because, as a small moon, io does not have substantial gravity. Check out amazon fees and revenue for 1723015296 galaxy composition book. With a diameter of about 2275 miles, it is the fourth largest moon in the solar system. The composition of these lavas and plumes remains uncertain. Some references in fiction focus on more than one moon, or do not refer to a specific moon. Its volcanoes spew out molten sulfur, making io a very colorful moon. The ileas tenant is columbus college, a university that houses 50 students with a. Three of the moons, io, europa, and ganymede listed from closest to furthest from jupiter orbit with a 1.
Callisto is tidally locked during rotation meaning that it orbits jupiter with the same hemisphere facing inwards making jupiter seemingly stands still in callistos sky. A resonance occurs when the gravity of two or more. Introduction jupiter s moon io is the most volcanically active world in the solar system, with hundreds of volcanoes, some erupting lava fountains dozens of miles or kilometers high. Combined, scientists now think jupiter has 79 moons.
Once the particles from the atmosphere get into the magnetosphere, they create a donutshaped cloud of material around io. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Instead of drab craters as expected, io startled earth with vistas of flaky sulphuryellow sands that looked like a gigantic pizza from which volcanoes were actively shooting blue plumes as high as 200 miles into the air. Except at its volcanic hot spots, io s surface temperature is well below freezing. Take your hr comms to the next level with prezi video. It orbits jupiter at an average distance of 262,000 miles 422,000 km, similar to the distance the moon orbits earth. See a photo of jupiter s moon, io, taken from the robotic galileo spacecraft, from national geographic. Jupiter s moon io this picture shows a special color reconstruction of one of the erupting volcanos on io discovered by voyager 1 during its encounter with jupiter on the 4th and 5th of march. Callistos composition is approximately 49% to 55% ices, with the rest as rock. Jupiter has 53 named moons and another 26 awaiting official names.
Io is the fifth moon in distance from the planet jupiter. Because the atmosphere comes from its volcanoes, the air of io is made primarily of sulphur. Callisto callisto is the third biggest moon in the solar system and jupiter s most distant moon. Thus, any ice near jupiter was vaporized, leaving europa and io with compositions similar to planets in the inner solar system. It is jupiter s third biggest moon with a diameter of 3642 km, being slightly bigger than earths moon. Io moon simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Its mass is estimatedcalculated at being 89,319,379,731,108,900,000,000 kg. Jupiters fifth moon, io, is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. Because of its slow formation, and the lack of tidal heating, not enough heat was generated to melt the ice and allow callisto to have a. It is the innermost of jupiter s four large moons and the third largest. It was discovered in 1610 by galileo galilei and was named after the mythological. Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar.
Even though io has nearly the same size 3643 km across and density 3. This extreme activity is the result of jupiter s powerful gravitational pull, which causes io s tormented solid crust to. It is the most volcanic body known, with lava flows, lava lakes, and giant calderas covering its sulfurous landscape. Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. Io is the closest moon to jupiter and, at 2,263 miles across, is the second smallest of the galilean satellites. An amazing capture of jupiter and its moons universe today. Io, which simmers with more than 100 active cauldrons and spews lava fountains some 5,000 feet high. The density of iron is about 5, and that of silicate rock is 3, so the inside of io must be made out of rocky material and sulfur deep inside io is probably a core made of heavier metal elements such as iron. Unlike earth and the moon, ios main source of internal heat comes from tidal dissipation rather than radioactive isotope decay, the result of ios orbital resonance with europa and ganymede. It is the fourthlargest moon in the solar system, has the highest density of all of them, and has the lowest amount of water by atomic ratio of any known astronomical object in the solar system. The distance between the centers of io and jupiter is r 4. Understanding the number and composition of the layers is still being studied. Io is a large, rocky, volcanically active moon of jupiter. The moon io the innermost of jupiters galilean satellites.
A new view of jupiters volcanic moon springer praxis. Pdf a history of the exploration of io researchgate. Planetary scientists found out it was a volcanic world in 1979 when the voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft flew by and captured the first upclose images. Atmosphere of io, jupiters moon windows to the universe. Its surface is a mixture of cratered and grooved terrain.
Jupiter s moon io is 778 million kilometers from the sun. This montage of images of jupiter and its volcanic moon io, was taken by the new horizons spacecrafts flyby in early 2007. Excerpted from the night sky, by richard grossinger. Io is one of four galilean moons of jupiter, the closest to the planet. Measure the width of the composition book and add an extra inch or so, so that the extra can be wrapped around the composition book cover. Jupiter has the fastest rotation of any planet at 9.
It has a diameter of 1,942 miles 3,636 km, very close in size to our moon. Io pronounced eye oh is one of jupiter s moons discovered by galileo. Io s mean distance from jupiter is 220,000 miles 422,000 km. Ganymede, the only moon in our solar system known to generate its own magnetic field. Jupiter s extensive system of natural satellites in particular the four large galilean moons io, europa, ganymede and callisto has been a common science fiction setting. It has billowing volcanic geysers spewing sulfurous plumes to over 500 kilometers high. Galileo arrived at jupiter in december 1995 and carried infrared and. Io is caught in a tugofwar between jupiter s massive gravity and the smaller but precisely timed pulls from two neighboring moons that orbit farther from jupiter europa and ganymede.
This is where the magnetosphere of io may come from. Extreme volcanism on jupiters moon io springerlink. The moon io is the innermost of jupiter s four main satellites, those known as the galilean moons. The air of io is roughly 90% sulfur, and 10% other simple atoms such as oxygen an idea of the interior composition can be guessed from the density of io, which is about 3. A bit larger than earths moon, io is the innermost of jupiter s large satellites and the most volcanically active body in the solar system, with plumes of matter rising up to 186 miles 300 km above the surface. The infrared wavelengths used highlight variations in the altitude of the jovian cloud tops. It orbits at 262,032 miles out from its planet every 1. The atmosphere of io is very thin and does not remain bound to io for very long. The galileo spacecraft, in exploring the moons of jupiter will try to learn more about the atmosphere of io. Io is tidally locked, so the same side always faces jupiter. Io moon of jupiter this and more space videos at au watch a future space probe decend and land on io, one of jupiter s 4 largest moons the.
Scientists have seen io s volcanic eruptions spewing material up to heights of 190 miles. Io is caught in a tugofwar between jupiters massive gravity and the smaller but precisely timed pulls from two neighboring moons that orbit farther from jupitereuropa and ganymede. Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force of. In the following i will talk about the most interesting ones. Io has no impact craters even though it has a rocky, solid surface.
789 567 1368 1574 437 1109 695 223 788 1114 1038 190 1204 917 802 1522 499 292 363 749 1201 1422 1240 1172 1112 717 875 649 180 1116 493 715 187 402 1033 420